The AM Forum
March 28, 2024, 07:20:58 AM *
Welcome, Guest. Please login or register.

Login with username, password and session length
 
   Home   Help Calendar Links Staff List Gallery Login Register  
Pages: [1] 2   Go Down
  Print  
Author Topic: 2 Meter AM Calling Frequency  (Read 118223 times)
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
WB1GCM
Guest
« on: February 15, 2013, 04:55:23 PM »

Hi Folks.

I'd really like to get on 2 Meter AM, but I see that there is no coordinated AM Calling Frequency. The ARRL Repeater Directory has a 6 Meter Calling Frequency, 50.4 MHz, which I've enjoyed on and off for the past 25 years. (I use a Gonset G-50 & 3L these days).

I like to ask for the advice from fellow AM'ers here for their opinions on what should be the AM Calling Frequency. I'm asking this as a Ham and in no way am I asking in behalf of the ARRL. With that said, after gathering information and a general consensus, I will do what I can to pass along the need to add "AM Calling Frequency" to the list.

I know that operating anywhere on AM between 144.1 and 148 MHz is legal. It's in (at least) my own personal best interest to start activity on a frequency that I have a good chance of getting others interested in, with this mode, without causing confusion to the users of other modes. I'd rather stay away the FM part of the band.

The upper portion of the SSB section seems possible at my QTH in Eastern CT. I've done a lot of weak signal work in that part of the band, so I will suggest 144.500 to 144.700 MHz as a start of this discussion; so maybe 144.600 MHz for a calling frequency? I would choose to use H polarity.

There are many, many 2 Meter Lunchboxes, Gooney Boxes, and Cleggs  sold on eBay. If they are in such demand, where are they? It would be a shame to have them sit on a shelf, or, am I missing something?  

Thanks,
Bob Allison
WB1GCM
ARRL LaboratoryTest Engineer
Logged
Pete, WA2CWA
Moderator
Member

Offline Offline

Posts: 8154


CQ CQ CONTEST


WWW
« Reply #1 on: February 15, 2013, 05:55:21 PM »

Bob:
I would suggest somewhere between 144.25 and 144.275 MHz. Even during contests almost all SSB activity is below 144.25. And, AM and SSB are considered "phone". 144.275 to 144.3 you have beacons. 144.6 to 144.9 are designated as FM repeater inputs. With D-Star activity expanding and conventional FM, stay away from repeater inputs/outputs.

Quote
ARRL's 2 Meter Band Plan

144.00-144.05    EME (CW)
144.05-144.10    General CW and weak signals
144.10-144.20    EME and weak-signal SSB
144.200    National calling frequency
144.200-144.275    General SSB operation
144.275-144.300    Propagation beacons
144.30-144.50    New OSCAR subband
144.50-144.60    Linear translator inputs
144.60-144.90    FM repeater inputs
144.90-145.10    Weak signal and FM simplex (145.01,03,05,07,09 are widely used for packet)
145.10-145.20    Linear translator outputs
145.20-145.50    FM repeater outputs
145.50-145.80    Miscellaneous and experimental modes
145.80-146.00    OSCAR subband
146.01-146.37    Repeater inputs
146.40-146.58    Simplex
146.52    National Simplex Calling Frequency
146.61-146.97    Repeater outputs
147.00-147.39    Repeater outputs
147.42-147.57    Simplex
147.60-147.99    Repeater inputs
Logged

Pete, WA2CWA - "A Cluttered Desk is a Sign of Genius"
W4EWH
Member

Offline Offline

Posts: 833



« Reply #2 on: February 16, 2013, 04:00:35 PM »

I'd really like to get on 2 Meter AM, but I see that there is no coordinated AM Calling Frequency.

As far as I'm concerned, we should have stayed on 145.8.

Don't tell me about OSCAR. AM came first!

Bill, W1AC
Logged

Life's too short for plastic radios.  Wallow in the hollow! - KD1SH
Pete, WA2CWA
Moderator
Member

Offline Offline

Posts: 8154


CQ CQ CONTEST


WWW
« Reply #3 on: February 16, 2013, 04:25:36 PM »

An 8015 KHz crystal will put you on 144.27. 8015 crystals seem to have been popular back in the "good old days". They pop up at flea markets from time to time.
Logged

Pete, WA2CWA - "A Cluttered Desk is a Sign of Genius"
kb3ouk
Member

Offline Offline

Posts: 1640

The Voice of Fulton County


« Reply #4 on: February 16, 2013, 05:33:37 PM »

I always thought 144.3 was the 2 meter AM calling frequency?
Logged

Clarke's Second Law: The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is by venturing a little past them into the impossible
kc9pcp
Member

Offline Offline

Posts: 11


« Reply #5 on: February 18, 2013, 01:07:16 AM »

Most older rigs that ran AM used crystals, so we would need to pick a frequency where crystals are available to all. 8192 kilohertz crystals are the only ones within range that can be ordered from mouser or digi-key. Would have to adapt the  socket though.
They would give a frequency of 147.456 in the FM simplex range.

My HW-17 came with 8060 crystal for a frequency of 145.08 don't know if this was a standard or had something to do with alignment of the unit.

Does anyone know what crystal the two-ers came with? There should be a lot of these crystals around.
Logged
AF4K
Member

Offline Offline

Posts: 142


WWW
« Reply #6 on: February 18, 2013, 10:11:51 AM »

THE standard AM calling frequency on 2m AM is 144.450 MHz,  using a 8025 kHz crystal for those so inclined.
It has been that way in moist areas of the USA for at least the past 15 years. There are still a number of nets
around the country that operate on 144.450 MHz. It is a great pity that ARRL is not better informed about this
and is not sharing the information through their various media including the worldwide web sites etc.

YMMV
73 de AF4K
Bry
Logged
Steve - K4HX
Administrator
Member

Offline Offline

Posts: 2722



« Reply #7 on: February 18, 2013, 11:29:14 AM »

Have you ever contacted the ARRL and let them know?
Logged
Pete, WA2CWA
Moderator
Member

Offline Offline

Posts: 8154


CQ CQ CONTEST


WWW
« Reply #8 on: February 18, 2013, 02:07:31 PM »

For years, 144.4 MHz was also touted as the 2M AM calling frequency.

And, over on the AMWindow NET page, we have these listings:
144.260    ROAM*    Wednesday    8:00 PM    ET    Midwest    Ludington, MI
* Royal Order of Ancient Modulators
144.28    2 Meter NY City-Long Island Net    Daily    7:30 PM    ET    Northeast    Except Sunday
144.4    Northwest AM Net    Tuesday, Thursday    8:00 PM    PT    Northwest    
144.425    New England 2 Meter AM Net    Daily    7:30 PM    ET    Northeast    
144.450    Buffalo NY AM Group    Sunday    8:00 PM    ET    Northeast    
144.450     Phoenix VHF AM Net     Tuesday    7:30 PM    MT    Southwest    
145.65    St. Clair County Illinois Radio Club 2 Meter AM Net    Tuesday    7:30 PM    CT    Midwest    Belleville IL about 15 miles east of St. Louis Mo.
145.8    The East of Scotland AM Group    Saturday    7 PM    Local    Scotland    Edinburg, Scotland area. Also random times during the week.

And, on another list where possibly you could find AM operating:
2 Meters: 144.4 (Northwest)
                 144.425 (Massachusetts)
                 144.28 (NYC-Long Island)
                 144.45 (California)
                 144.265 (Los Angeles, CA)

And then there is the widely circulated ARRL 2 meter band plan which I showed in an earlier post. Anything above 144.6 MHz is getting into established FM repeaters (inputs/outputs)

What's not clear to me, is if "144.30-144.50    New OSCAR subband" and  "144.50-144.60    Linear translator inputs" are actively being used as described.

Personally, since AM is phone and similar to SSB, keeping AM operation below 144.275 MHz in the long run, would be more in line with "good operating practices".

However, a written pitch needs to be formulated to the ARRL VHF/UHF Advisory Committee to get them thinking , and maybe acting, on a defined 2 meter AM "Calling Frequency".

Obviously, band plans are merely "thoughtful" suggestions on where to typically operate for a specific mode. In highly populated metro areas where there can be many repeaters (voice, data, digital stuff), the band plan can be very useful in not causing interference to other operators. In less populated areas, band plans may not make any difference.
Logged

Pete, WA2CWA - "A Cluttered Desk is a Sign of Genius"
WB1GCM
Guest
« Reply #9 on: February 19, 2013, 12:24:04 PM »

>>>>>>"It is a great pity that ARRL is not better informed about this
and is not sharing the information through their various media including the worldwide web sites etc."

Well, I'm trying to figure this out, with everyone's help. I'd like to move forward, for the benefit of keeping our old VHF equipment up and running and sharing Amateur Radio History with the newcomers. We need someone to pass along our stuff to.

This is all good information being shared here. If we do come up with a calling frequency to operate on, we, as a group, should be united in what ever decision we make.

Thank you for your feedback.

Bob Allison
WB1GCM
ARRL Test Engineer
Logged
WB1GCM
Guest
« Reply #10 on: February 22, 2013, 05:53:01 PM »

OK. I have two considerations:

144.270

144.500

What say you OM?

Bob
Logged
KK4YY
Guest
« Reply #11 on: February 23, 2013, 06:07:11 AM »

Bob,

In my experience with 2M SSB the activity ran from 144.200 (national calling freq) and spread upward, growing less, toward 144.275. So, if there was AM on 144.270 it would mostly be left alone, perhaps even unnoticed, by SSB ops and could spread downward from there, if need be. It looks like a stable place for AM on 2M as SSB has been squeezed in pretty tight already.

There are a lot of fine ops sitting on 144.200 waiting for the slightest weak signal peep to be heard and they need it to be kept clear there. 144.270 should be far enough away so as to never be in their way except during the most vigorus 2M SSB contest. That's the only time I ever heard SSB spread up to 144.270. That area of the band is also used (in SSB) for coordination of mircowave communications during contests at the nosebleed frequencies. AM on 144.270 should be no issue with them either.

Another thing that should promote peace between modes would be the use of vertical polarization on 2M AM as the SSB use there is horizontally polarized. This would make 2M AM mobile easy to do just like FM on 2M. And vertical antennas are already out there for it. (I once had a small 2M yagi mounted on my Ford van horizontally polarized for SSB. I armstrong rotated it from inside while driving. It was fun but I wouldn't recommend it!)

144.500 looks like it's between a rock and a hard place satellite-wise. I don't see much of a future there.

But selecting a frequency is the easy part. Generating an interest in 2M AM is another story. 2M AM mobile might be the hook.

Just my two cents. Thanks for asking!!!

Don, KK4YY
Logged
Pete, WA2CWA
Moderator
Member

Offline Offline

Posts: 8154


CQ CQ CONTEST


WWW
« Reply #12 on: February 23, 2013, 01:04:16 PM »

I also believe that if a 2 meter calling frequency was established and publicized at 144.27 MHz there would little to no backlash from other modes. As Don points out, trying to establish a calling frequency further up the band probably has no future and success. Depending on the area of the country, there has been some renewed interest in repeater pairs for D-STAR and other digital modes. It's probably best to stay out of their cross-hairs.

As far as antenna polarization, I have mixed feelings. Although most FM operators use vertical polarization, the majority of the transmissions go through repeaters so high power generally is not required. Given that most of the boatanchor  2 meter rigs only ran low power (5 to 25 or 30 watts), with vertical polarization (i.e. ground plane, simple vertical dipole, etc.), the receive/transmit range is going to rather limited. Unless the antenna is extremely high or you opt for a rotatable vertical beam, you're only going to be able to work other 2 meter AM stations in your back yard even if you live in a metro area. Back in the 70's I built a simple 2 meter turnstile antenna that fit perfectly on the top of my AMC Pacer. It was horizontally polarized; worked in all directions; and with 10 watts SSB, making contacts 50 to 75 miles away was not a problem. Probably not all AM operators are going to embrace any 2 meter AM operating, so the ability to "reach out" as far as you can, needs to be considered for it to succeed.

A pitch needs to be made to the ARRL VHF/UHF Advisory Committee (VUAC).  Since the January 2013 Committee Reports have not been posted yet, here is the July 2012 Report with the list of VUAC members in the various ARRL Divisions:
http://www.arrl.org/files/file/About%20ARRL/Committee%20Reports/2012/July/Doc_30-VHF-UHF.pdf

Simple 2 meter Turnstile antenna:

Logged

Pete, WA2CWA - "A Cluttered Desk is a Sign of Genius"
WB1GCM
Guest
« Reply #13 on: February 25, 2013, 11:58:30 AM »

Gentlemen,

Thank you all for your input. With the forum's blessing, I will write to all ARRL VUAC members and suggest 144.270 MHz. I think we have the best shot at that frequency as a National Calling Frequency. Remember, this would be a starting place. You can operate on any other open frequency on 2 meters once a contact has been established

I will wait one week for any final comments here before contacting the VUAC.

Bob
Logged
Pete, WA2CWA
Moderator
Member

Offline Offline

Posts: 8154


CQ CQ CONTEST


WWW
« Reply #14 on: February 25, 2013, 01:34:09 PM »

Bob:
Although I can't speak for all the forum members, you definitely have my support and if there is any way I (or others) can help this along, please keep us in mind. Having a publicized 2 meter AM calling frequency on the ARRL band plan may go a long way in getting an unified acceptance from many U. S. amateurs. There are probably many boatanchor 2 meter AM rigs that have only found use as iconic shelf queens and this may go a long way in getting them up and running on a regular basis.

Probably for another day and thread, but, now, who is going to pick up the charge for getting the publicized ARRL band plan to include a 15 meter AM calling frequency. It should be fairly obvious now to the ARRL Board and Committee members, after all these years, that the AM mode is an active part of amateur radio and is blessed with many active, technically oriented, and enthusiastic users.
Logged

Pete, WA2CWA - "A Cluttered Desk is a Sign of Genius"
W2VW
Contributing
Member
*
Offline Offline

Posts: 3489


WWW
« Reply #15 on: February 26, 2013, 02:18:48 PM »

Bob:
Although I can't speak for all the forum members, you definitely have my support and if there is any way I (or others) can help this along, please keep us in mind. Having a publicized 2 meter AM calling frequency on the ARRL band plan may go a long way in getting an unified acceptance from many U. S. amateurs. There are probably many boatanchor 2 meter AM rigs that have only found use as iconic shelf queens and this may go a long way in getting them up and running on a regular basis.

Probably for another day and thread, but, now, who is going to pick up the charge for getting the publicized ARRL band plan to include a 15 meter AM calling frequency. It should be fairly obvious now to the ARRL Board and Committee members, after all these years, that the AM mode is an active part of amateur radio and is blessed with many active, technically oriented, and enthusiastic users.

Another consideration for 2 meter AM gear being relegated to the display shelf would be the front ends of many.

Helical resonators made the difference for mine. There used to be a lot of pager activity line of sight. Not sure if that was the main problem. 
Logged
Art
Guest
« Reply #16 on: March 06, 2013, 05:46:29 PM »

There is a 2M SSB net on 144.2 every day at 0800 mountain time. And a weekly net on 144.22. During contests the band can be full through and into the 144.3 area. The last time I used 2M AM it was on 144.2 to an aeronautical mobile. However, I still give a call on 144.45 AM every once in a while. I agree with Pete (though I never thought I would say those words. . . ) that a frequency around 144.27 would work well. My sense is most AM activity being in the low end of the band horizontal polarization would be most practical as the FM verticals may be well out of their resonant area.
Art
W0BA
Logged
W2VW
Contributing
Member
*
Offline Offline

Posts: 3489


WWW
« Reply #17 on: March 06, 2013, 11:06:58 PM »

Where do the beaacons used by ssb ops reside. Been a while but I thought they went up to .300 .
Logged
WA2ONK
Contributing
Member
*
Offline Offline

Posts: 224


« Reply #18 on: March 07, 2013, 06:11:23 AM »

The lists I've seen run from 144.273 to 144.400mhz. A Philly beacon that I hear quite well is on 144.282mhz, give or take a few hundred hertz.

Chuck...wa2onk
Logged
W2VW
Contributing
Member
*
Offline Offline

Posts: 3489


WWW
« Reply #19 on: March 07, 2013, 10:53:26 AM »

The lists I've seen run from 144.273 to 144.400mhz. A Philly beacon that I hear quite well is on 144.282mhz, give or take a few hundred hertz.

Chuck...wa2onk

Thanks Chuck. BTW my 2 meter antenna is on vacation right now.
Logged
Pete, WA2CWA
Moderator
Member

Offline Offline

Posts: 8154


CQ CQ CONTEST


WWW
« Reply #20 on: March 07, 2013, 01:39:34 PM »

Reported 2 meter Beacons:

Mhz   Call   Locator   State Prov   City   Comment
144.275   VA7SIX   CN89   BC   Coquitlam   50W to squalo @ 600'.
144.275   W6TOD   DM15dx   CA   Ridgecrest   30 watts pair loops 2400' asl.
144.275   N0EC   DN70lf   CO       50W to pair Big Wheels.
144.275   W4CHA   EL88   FL       30W to halo on broadcast tower.
144.276   W2RTB   FN12ar   NY   Victor   3W+Eggbeater @450' asl de K2ERG, heard Feb 2008
144.277   K4HRS   EL98   FL   Melbourne   horizontal loop.
144.277   KA0EWQ   EN15   MN   Johnson   10W+3el yagi aimed SE.
144.277   K5PJR   EM37ka   MO   Sparta   
144.277   W4CRZ   EM93tw   SC   Sumter   5W to KB6KQ loop @ 20'.
144.278   N8PUM   EN66dl   MI   Ishpeming   10W to 13 el. north for aurora.
144.278   K7XC   DM09nm   NV   Fallon   10W to HO Loop.
144.278   N2GHR   FN30ku   NY   Long Island   20W to 5 el. pointed 210 deg, 300' asl.
144.279   K0UO   EM07sa   KS   Kiowa   10W 1810' AGL.
144.279   VA3MBB   EN93   ON       10W to turnstile omni.
144.279   N3FTI   FN20aj   PA   Reading   4W discone.
144.280   K0RZ   DM79jx   CO   Boulder   5W 8dBi N and 5W 8dBi SE.
144.280   W0ETT   DM79ch   CO   Como   30W to bigwheel 9500' asl.
144.280   VE4VHF   EN19gu   MB   Winnepeg   15W to vertical.
144.280   VE3ZAP   EN94vc   ON   Shelburne   
144.280   VE2FUT   FN25wg   QC   Rigeau   15W+Turnstile 550'ASL.
144.280   W5HN   EM13sj   TX   Desert   1.5W to halo @ 180'
144.280   N4MW   FM17kn   VA   New Kent   10W+Sqloop@90'.
144.281   VE4ARM   EN09mw   MB   Austin   30W to 5el yagi @ 53' to SE
144.282   WR9L   EN61bd   IL   Bradley   10W to turnstile @ 45'.
144.283   WD4KTY   EM62xu   AL   Alexandria   25 W - Pair of loops at 800 feet ASL
144.283   KJ6KO   CM88ws   CA   Bald Mtn   40W stacked HO loops 1700'ASL
144.283   VE3LPL   EN92kx   ON   London   5W to halo @ 22'
144.283   W3CCX   FM29jw   PA   Philadelphia   4W to single loop @ 435'
144.284   VE1CBC   FN63   NS   Yarmouth   heard 4/22/08
144.284   N8LGL   EM89lc   OH   Lake White   10W to omni.
144.285   WA4IOB   EM73   GA   Snellville   2W squalo
144.285   WA1ZMS   FM07fm   VA       1400W ERP at 4200' asl.
144.286   VE6EMU   DO33ng   AB       40W to pair HO loops @ 160'
144.286   N0UD   DN87sh   ND       30W to stacked big wheels.
144.286   WD4GSM   EM86qv   VA   Wise   4200' asl.
144.287   W0VD   EM27           
144.288   N0YK   DM98mg   KS   Friend   30W to pair M2 Ho loop @100'
144.288   VE1SMU/H   FN84   NS   Halifax   15W 7el Yagi SW, heard 9/25/08
144.289   KA6LSL/7   DM22tp   AZ   Yuma   20W to 6 el yagi pointed WNW
144.289   WA2UMX   FN23xc   NY   Providence   20W + 2 Big Wheels 1620'ASL
144.290   WB7VVD   DM32   AZ       0.5W to vert. 800' Elevation
144.290   K7PO   DM32   AZ   Gila Bend   15W to vertical @ 900'.
144.290   K4DOS   EL96we   FL   Ft Lauderdal   20 watts H. Loop @ 30'
144.290   VA3SJS   FN15wg   ON   Carp   5watts into a loop @40'
144.290   WA9HCZ   EN43ju   WI   La Crosse   6 watts pair wheels 1170' asl.
144.291   N7BHC   FM15pa   NC   Oriental   50W to 16 el pointed at 70 deg.
144.291   K7UV   DN31xm   UT   Brigham City   20W to phased M2 Horiz Loops.
144.292   VE8BY   FP53rs   NU   Iqaluit   23W to 8 bay dipole array
144.292   WA4HFN   EM55ab   TN   Memphis   10 watts m2 loop 35'
144.293   N6NB   DM05sb   CA   Tehachapi   
144.294   N0LL   EM09ow   KS   Smith   13W to stacked PAR omnis @ 35'
144.295   W3APL   FM19ne   MD   Laurel   10W+loop @ 60'
144.295   VE1SMU/G   FN74os   NS   Lake George   10W yagi pointed WSW
144.297   W1XR   FN64fo   ME       
144.297   VE3WCC   FN15wg   ON   Carp   3W to KU4AB horiz. omni.
144.298   WD9BGA   EN53ba   WI       7W to a halo 1500' asl.
144.298   K7KMT   DN64ve   WY       25w to a loop.
144.299   W5CFI/B   EM42bl   LA   Start   2 w to omni at approx 30ft
144.299   K4MHZ   FM25   NC   Hatteras   100W to 12 el pointed 65 deg to Europe - heard 10/30/08
144.299   WA7X   DM49ho   UT       100W to cycloid dipole
144.300   KD4NMI   FM05rt   NC   Knightdale   10W vertical omni @ 575'.
144.300   WA3TTS   EN90xn   PA   Pittsburgh   10W to pair PAR loops at 44' 1200'asl.
144.300   W0BLK   DN84   SD   Rapid City   35 watts big wheel at 50'.
144.300   K4IDC   EM76ma   TN   Mt. Juliet   700mw to omni loop
144.400   VO1ZA   GN37js   NF   Carbonear   250W 11 el yagi to Europe.
Logged

Pete, WA2CWA - "A Cluttered Desk is a Sign of Genius"
Pete, WA2CWA
Moderator
Member

Offline Offline

Posts: 8154


CQ CQ CONTEST


WWW
« Reply #21 on: March 07, 2013, 01:41:14 PM »

I agree with Pete (though I never thought I would say those words. . . ) that a frequency around 144.27 would work well. My sense is most AM activity being in the low end of the band horizontal polarization would be most practical as the FM verticals may be well out of their resonant area.
Art
W0BA

I'm going to save this post  Grin
Logged

Pete, WA2CWA - "A Cluttered Desk is a Sign of Genius"
W8ASI
Member

Offline Offline

Posts: 17


« Reply #22 on: August 02, 2013, 08:20:35 AM »

WB1GCM,

Did you ever write to the ARRL members regarding 144.270 as the suggested AM calling/simplex frequency?

I am very interested in 2 meters AM, as I am on 50.400 AM every single day with a plate modulated Lafayette ha-460.

Logged
VE3LYX
Member

Offline Offline

Posts: 769


Crystals are from the stone age


WWW
« Reply #23 on: February 01, 2014, 11:20:32 AM »

my Ebay Heathkit "twoer" is being delivered today. My pal in Trenton also has one so we are going to try working each other , about 5 miles atcf. Hopefully we have the same crystals.
Probably I should have  sixer and even a tener as well. We were wondering this exact subject. Thanks for the postings
Don VE3LYX
Logged

Don VE3LYX<br />Eng, DE & petite Francais
Pete, WA2CWA
Moderator
Member

Offline Offline

Posts: 8154


CQ CQ CONTEST


WWW
« Reply #24 on: February 01, 2014, 12:58:25 PM »

my Ebay Heathkit "twoer" is being delivered today. My pal in Trenton also has one so we are going to try working each other , about 5 miles atcf. Hopefully we have the same crystals.
Probably I should have  sixer and even a tener as well. We were wondering this exact subject. Thanks for the postings
Don VE3LYX

Given the wide wide bandwidth of the "tunable" receiver in the "twoer", same transmit crystal frequency isn't really of high importance.
Logged

Pete, WA2CWA - "A Cluttered Desk is a Sign of Genius"
Pages: [1] 2   Go Up
  Print  
 
Jump to:  

AMfone - Dedicated to Amplitude Modulation on the Amateur Radio Bands
 AMfone © 2001-2015
Powered by SMF 1.1.21 | SMF © 2015, Simple Machines
Page created in 0.06 seconds with 20 queries.