I think to be a broadcaster on SW you need to have 50 KW PEP. If it were 5 to 10 KW there might be more SW stations on the air. My thinking is that the costs to do everything would be less costly if the power level was lower. A lot of us could put a 5 KW station together.
YUP 50KW and a 10dB gain directional antenna. The shortwave B'cast is intended to broadcast to a foreign country beyond the USA. The licensee must specify the target area for his/her broadcast.
I know it is strange how Allan Weiner has his dream SW B'cast station on one end of N. America and "beaming' to central America. And at times blankets most of the USA, except the Left Coast with WBCQ.
Here is a link to the requirements to have a short wave broadcast license. I think it is a 50kw carrier not a 50kw P.E.P.
http://www.fcc.gov/ib/sand/neg/hf_web/appinfo.html