When I lived in Canada the station licence (call sign) and certificate were separate documents. There were two (later three) Certificates of Proficiency in Radio issued by the Department of Transport - Amateur and Amateur Advanced. The third was the Digital certificate introduced in 1979. It did not have a CW requirement and when introduced this "no code" certificate created a loud uproar within the amateur community but the written exam was very difficult and very few could pass it.
I remember when the Canadian exam was on par with the (original) US Extra class exam, including the tenure requirement. But we never had the oral exam. I suspect there were too many amateur tests given in the US for the FCC to spend the resources to examine each applicant orally.
Wouldn't the cry-babies be pissing and moaning if the US had such a licence requirement to-day!
In the 1960's the power limit for Canada was 500 watts (average, or carrier) output. That was also interpreted as 750 watts DC input.